UH Mānoa Chemists Unlock New Way To Turn Methane Into Valuable Chemicals

Researchers at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa’s Department of Chemistry have developed a new step-by-step chemical process that converts methane, the primary component of natural gas, into valuable chemicals.

Because the catalyst (a substance that speeds up chemical reactions) for this process is made from common, widely available elements instead of costly precious metals like palladium, it could be a more affordable option for large-scale use.

By allowing methane to be converted at lower temperatures, the research opens the door to cleaner and more efficient ways to use one of the world’s most abundant energy resources.

Abundant but difficult
Methane is abundant but difficult to transform because of its strong carbon-hydrogen bonds. In the gas phase, breaking these bonds usually requires temperatures near 1,500 Kelvin (about 2,240°F).

Additionally, most methods rely on oxygen, which can generate unwanted carbon dioxide and reduce overall efficiency. The new pathway overcomes both challenges.

The team developed a way to transform methane at much lower temperatures without using oxygen. Instead of burning the methane, their method links two methane molecules together to form ethylene, a key ingredient used to make everyday products such as plastics and other industrial materials.

Using a catalyst made of titanium, aluminum and boron, the researchers were able to get methane to react at about 800 Kelvin, about 1,260°F lower than what would normally be needed.

As the temperature increased, the process produced more ethylene.

“Our goal was to find a cleaner, more efficient way to use methane,” Department of Chemistry Professor Ralf I. Kaiser said. “By lowering the temperature and avoiding oxygen, we’ve opened a new pathway that could make methane upgrading more practical.”

The UH Mānoa team worked collaboration with the research groups of Musahid Ahmed (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Professor Anastassia Alexandrova (University of California, Los Angeles) and Albert Epshteyn (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory).

The experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory utilizing a catalytic microreactor coupled to a synchrotron single-photon photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer.